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=== Introduction ===
=== Introduction ===
tmux is a terminal multiplexer for Unix-like operating systems. It allows multiple terminal sessions to be accessed simultaneously in a single window. It is useful for running more than one command-line program at the same time. It can also be used to detach processes from their controlling terminals, allowing remote sessions to remain active without being visible.
tmux is a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_multiplexer terminal multiplexer] for Unix-like operating systems. It allows multiple terminal sessions to be accessed simultaneously in a single window. It is useful for running more than one command-line program at the same time. It can also be used to detach processes from their controlling terminals, allowing remote sessions to remain active without being visible.


=== Usage ===
=== Usage ===
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  # tmux new
  # tmux new


You can also name the session using the -s flag:
You can also name the session using the -s flag. In this example, the session is named ''mysession'':
  # tmux new -s $mysession
  # tmux new -s mysession


tmux operates using a system of [[#Tmux|Windows]] and Panes.
If you need to end your [[SSH]] session but want your processes to keep running, you can detach the tmux session by using:
 
  # Ctrl-b + d
===Windows===
Info for Windows
 
===Panes===
Info for Panes
 
 
If you need to end your ssh session, but want your processes to keep running you can detach the screen session with:
  # screen -d
Then exit as normal.
Then exit as normal.


If you have multiple screen sessions you can detach and reattach them at any time. To list the current screen sessions running on a host use:
If you have multiple tmux sessions you can detach and reattach them at any time. To list the current tmux sessions running, use:
  # screen -ls
  # tmux ls


The output will be similar to this:
The output will be similar to this:
  # claw@idaho:~$ screen -ls
  # user@machine:~$ tmux ls
  # There are screens on:
  # mysession: 1 windows (created Thu Oct 22 10:11:44 2020)
# 26598.screenTest1 (Detached)
  # session2: 1 windows (created Thu Oct 22 10:11:52 2020)
  # 18457.pts-0.idaho (Detached)
  # session3: 1 windows (created Thu Oct 22 10:11:58 2020)
  # 2 Sockets in /var/run/screen/S-claw.
 
To reconnect to a specific screen session you may use either the screen number or name to reconnect using ‘screen -r’
# claw@idaho:~$ screen -r 26598


or
To reconnect to a specific tmux session you may use the attach command:
# user@machine:~$ tmux attach -t mysession


# claw@idaho:~$ screen -r screenTest1
===Window Management===
In tmux, windows show up at the bottom of your session with a name and a sort number.


You can create a new window in your session by using:
# Ctrl-b c
You can navigate to the next window using:
# Ctrl-b n
You can navigate to the previous window using:
# Ctrl-b p
You can rename the current window using:
# Ctrl-b ,
You can close the current window using:
# Ctrl-b &


===Common Keyboard Shortcuts===
===Copy Mode===
Ctrl-A is the metacharacter for commands in screen; press it before every key command. Some useful commands in screen:
In order to navigate around a page in tmux, You must first enter ''Copy Mode'' and then you can start navigating:  


* Ctrl-A + c (Creates a new window.)
To enter Copy Mode use:
* Ctrl-A + d (detach from current session)
# Ctrl-b [
* Ctrl-A + [0-9] (Switches to the window corresonding to the number, window 0 is the first window initialized by screen.)
Once in Copy Mode, you can navigate normally using the arrow keys as well as other functions.
* Ctrl-A + " (Presents a selection of screen windows from which to choose.)
* Ctrl-A + Shift-A Rename the current screen window
* Ctrl-A + <SPC> / Ctrl-A + <BKSPC> (Switch to the next / previous window.)
* Ctrl-A + k (Kill the current window.)
* Ctrl-A + \ (Kill the screen session and all its windows.)


See the documentation [http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/manual/screen.txt here] to see a full list of Ctrl-A commands (Section 5.1: Default Key Bindings).
To go to the top of the page type:
  # g
To go to the bottom of the page type:
# G


=== Important Notes ===
If you start a screen session that will run a program within a session that has only one window, such as by issuing the command
# screen program.c
then when the program exits the screen session will terminate as well. This has the potential to hide any output you may want from your program since the screen session will exit. To solve this issue you can either make sure your shell is not set to auto-logout, or ensure that you have multiple windows open in the screen session so that it will not terminate when the program exits.


=== .screenrc ===
===Prefix Key===
Similar to .bashrc, the file .screenrc in a user's home directory can be used to customize a screen session's startup behavior.  Commands listed in this file will be executed upon starting screen, and can be useful to set up your environment to display important information such as the window number and name, the name of the host you're connected to, or altering the key sequences for screen commands. See the link [http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/manual/screen.txt  here] for more information about screen commands (Section 5.2: Command Summary).
You can change the prefix keystrok from <code><ctrl>-b</code> to <code><ctrl>-a</code> for example by adding the following to your <code>~/.tmux.conf</code>.


=== Useful Links ===
<pre>
* [http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/ The main page at www.gnu.org.]
# remap prefix from 'C-b' to 'C-a'
* [http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/manual/screen.txt GNU Screen documentation] (also accessed through '''man screen''').
unbind C-b
set-option -g prefix C-a
bind-key C-a send-prefix
</pre>

Latest revision as of 15:39, 24 March 2022

Introduction

tmux is a terminal multiplexer for Unix-like operating systems. It allows multiple terminal sessions to be accessed simultaneously in a single window. It is useful for running more than one command-line program at the same time. It can also be used to detach processes from their controlling terminals, allowing remote sessions to remain active without being visible.

Usage

To invoke a new tmux session, simply use the following command in a terminal: 

# tmux new

You can also name the session using the -s flag. In this example, the session is named mysession: 

# tmux new -s mysession

If you need to end your SSH session but want your processes to keep running, you can detach the tmux session by using: 

# Ctrl-b + d

Then exit as normal.

If you have multiple tmux sessions you can detach and reattach them at any time. To list the current tmux sessions running, use: 

# tmux ls

The output will be similar to this: 

# user@machine:~$ tmux ls
# mysession: 1 windows (created Thu Oct 22 10:11:44 2020)
# session2: 1 windows (created Thu Oct 22 10:11:52 2020)
# session3: 1 windows (created Thu Oct 22 10:11:58 2020)

To reconnect to a specific tmux session you may use the attach command: 

# user@machine:~$ tmux attach -t mysession

Window Management

In tmux, windows show up at the bottom of your session with a name and a sort number.

You can create a new window in your session by using: 

# Ctrl-b c

You can navigate to the next window using: 

# Ctrl-b n

You can navigate to the previous window using: 

# Ctrl-b p

You can rename the current window using: 

# Ctrl-b ,

You can close the current window using: 

# Ctrl-b &

Copy Mode

In order to navigate around a page in tmux, You must first enter Copy Mode and then you can start navigating:

To enter Copy Mode use: 

# Ctrl-b [

Once in Copy Mode, you can navigate normally using the arrow keys as well as other functions.

To go to the top of the page type: 

# g

To go to the bottom of the page type: 

# G


Prefix Key

You can change the prefix keystrok from <ctrl>-b to <ctrl>-a for example by adding the following to your ~/.tmux.conf. 

# remap prefix from 'C-b' to 'C-a'
unbind C-b
set-option -g prefix C-a
bind-key C-a send-prefix
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