SLURM/Priority
SLURM at UMIACS is configured to prioritize jobs based on a number of factors, termed multifactor priority in SLURM. Each job submitted to the scheduler is assigned a priority value, which can be viewed in the output of scontrol show job <jobid>.
Example:
$ scontrol show job 1 JobId=1 JobName=bash UserId=username(13337) GroupId=username(13337) MCS_label=N/A Priority=10841 Nice=0 Account=nexus QOS=default ...
Pending Jobs
If the partition that you submit your job to cannot instantly begin your job due to no compute node(s) having the resources free to run it, your job will remain in the Pending state with the listed reason (Resources). If there is another job already pending with this reason, you submit a job to the same partition, and your job gets assigned a lower priority value than that pending job, your job will instead remain in the Pending state with reason (Priority). If there are multiple jobs pending and your job is not the highest priority job pending, the scheduler will only begin execution of your job if starting your job would not push the begin times for any higher priority jobs in the same partition further back.
Lowering some combination of the resources you are requesting and/or the time limit may allow submitted jobs to run more quickly or instantly during times where a partition is under resource pressure. The command squeue -j <jobid> --start can be used to provide a time estimate for when your job will start, where <jobid> is the job ID you receive from either srun or sbatch.
You can use the command alias show_available_nodes with a variety of different submission arguments to get a better idea of what jobs may be able to begin sooner.
Priority Factors
The priority factors in use at UMIACS include:
- Age of job i.e. time spent waiting to run in the queue
- Association (SLURM account) being used
- Partition job was submitted to
- Fair-share of resources
- "Nice" value that job was submitted with
Age
The longer a job is eligible to run but cannot due to resources being unavailable, the higher the job's priority becomes as it continue to wait in the queue. The priority modifier for this factor reaches its limit after 7 days.
Association
Some lab/center-specific SLURM accounts may have priority values directly attached to them. Jobs run under these accounts gain this many extra points of priority.
Partition
The partitions whose names are or are prefixed with scavenger on each of our clusters always have lower priority factors for their jobs than all other partitions on that cluster. As mentioned in other UMIACS cluster-specific documentation, jobs submitted to these partitions are also preemptable. These two design choices give the partitions their names; jobs submitted to scavenger named or prefixed partitions "scavenge" for available resources on the cluster rather than consume dedicated resources, and are interrupted by jobs asking to consume dedicated resources.
On Nexus, labs/centers may also have their own scavenger partitions (<labname>-scavenger) if the faculty for the lab/center have decided upon some sort of limit on jobs (number of simultaneous jobs, number of actively consumed billing resources, etc.) in their non-scavenger partitions. These lab/center scavenger partitions allow for more jobs to be run by members of that lab/center on that lab's/center's nodes only, but are preemptable by that lab's/center's non-scavenger partition jobs.
In decreasing order of priority (highest first), our priority tiers for partitions are:
- Account-specific non-preemptable partitions
- Lab/center-specific non-"scavenger" named partitions
- Lab/center-specific "scavenger" named partitions
- Institute-wide scavenger partitions
A job in a lower priority tier will never have a higher priority value than any job in any of the higher priority tiers.
The more resources your jobs have already consumed within an account, the lower priority factor your future jobs will have when compared to other users' jobs in the same account who have used fewer resources (so as to "fair-share" with other users). Additionally, if there are multiple accounts that can submit to a partition, and the sum of resources of all users' jobs within account A is greater than the sum of resources of all users' jobs within account B, the lower priority factor all future jobs from users in account A will have when compared to all future jobs from users in account B. (In other words, fair-share is hierarchical.)
You can view the various fair-share statistics with the command sshare -l. It will show your specific FairShare values (always between 0.0 and 1.0) within accounts that you have access to. You can also view other accounts' Level Fairshare (LevelFS).
Account User RawShares NormShares RawUsage NormUsage EffectvUsage FairShare LevelFS GrpTRESMins TRESRunMins -------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ------------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------ root 0.000000 68444174744 1.000000 cpu=4797787,mem=70530109515,e+ root root 1 0.028571 14531 0.000000 0.000000 0.994949 1.3456e+05 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ cbcb-heng 1 0.028571 2041564795 0.029831 0.029831 0.957779 cpu=107606,mem=2890646050,ene+ cbcb 1 0.028571 4454658377 0.065046 0.065046 0.439246 cpu=452139,mem=22276633804,en+ class 1 0.028571 255617290 0.003733 0.003733 7.652841 cpu=7021,mem=74554606,energy=+ clip 1 0.028571 3057933838 0.044674 0.044674 0.639549 cpu=33214,mem=2744443460,ener+ cml-abhinav 1 0.028571 39726437 0.000580 0.000580 49.220844 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ cml-cameron 1 0.028571 0 0.000000 0.000000 inf cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ cml-furongh 1 0.028571 765366431 0.011183 0.011183 2.554814 cpu=78802,mem=1513011200,ener+ cml-hajiagha 1 0.028571 12397205 0.000181 0.000181 157.726572 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ cml-john 1 0.028571 319756 0.000005 0.000005 6.1152e+03 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ cml-ramani 1 0.028571 0 0.000000 0.000000 1.3575e+11 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ cml-scavenger 1 0.028571 2564733604 0.037475 0.037475 0.762406 cpu=370867,mem=3568986794,ene+ cml-sfeizi 1 0.028571 40715178 0.000595 0.000595 48.025548 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ cml-tokekar 1 0.028571 26458249 0.000387 0.000387 73.903937 cpu=23240,mem=178488320,energ+ cml-tomg 1 0.028571 82800 0.000001 0.000001 2.3615e+04 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ cml-wriva 1 0.028571 1047428702 0.015305 0.015305 1.866828 cpu=5366,mem=137386666,energy+ cml-zhou 1 0.028571 672692955 0.009829 0.009829 2.906778 cpu=65977,mem=1080976998,ener+ cml 1 0.028571 66866114 0.000975 0.000975 29.299389 cpu=1796,mem=29426756,energy=+ gamma 1 0.028571 2609474948 0.038129 0.038129 0.749334 cpu=34089,mem=360373862,energ+ mbrc 1 0.028571 73411964 0.001073 0.001073 26.635560 cpu=1195,mem=4896358,energy=0+ mc2 1 0.028571 2682557 0.000039 0.000039 728.919551 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ nexus 1 0.032258 3346084300 0.050672 0.050672 0.636599 cpu=121941,mem=1468973003,ene+ nexus username 1 0.000779 69666 0.000001 0.000021 0.457407 37.435501 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ oasis 1 0.028571 330030 0.000005 0.000005 5.9248e+03 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ quics 1 0.028571 4 0.000000 0.000000 4.1683e+08 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ scavenger 1 0.032258 21762190063 0.329562 0.329562 0.097882 cpu=1085904,mem=4775150199,en+ scavenger username 1 0.000779 171 0.000000 0.000000 0.033975 9.8885e+04 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ vulcan-abhinav 1 0.028571 1742123078 0.025452 0.025452 1.122544 cpu=26166,mem=781842841,energ+ vulcan-djacobs 1 0.028571 912637 0.000013 0.000013 2.1425e+03 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ vulcan-jbhuang 1 0.028571 283430750 0.004141 0.004141 6.898930 cpu=172,mem=5661764,energy=0,+ vulcan-lsd 1 0.028571 0 0.000000 0.000000 3.5579e+15 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ vulcan-metzler 1 0.028571 262070179 0.003829 0.003829 7.461241 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ vulcan-rama 1 0.028571 0 0.000000 0.000000 1.6942e+14 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ vulcan-ramani 1 0.028571 681333557 0.009955 0.009955 2.869914 cpu=22188,mem=568033280,energ+ vulcan-yaser 1 0.028571 397309 0.000006 0.000006 4.9215e+03 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ vulcan-zwicker 1 0.028571 133204932 0.001946 0.001946 14.679402 cpu=0,mem=0,energy=0,node=0,b+ vulcan 1 0.028571 1247236491 0.018224 0.018224 1.567761 cpu=147273,mem=1161243818,ene+
The actual resource billing weights for the three main resources (memory per GB, CPU cores, and number of GPUs if applicable) are per-partition and can be viewed in the TRESBillingWeights line in the output of scontrol show partition. The billing value for a job is the sum of all resource weightings for resources the job has requested. This value is then multiplied by the amount of time a job has run in seconds to get the amount it contributes to the RawUsage for the association within the account it is running under.
The algorithm we use for resource weightings differs depending on if there are any GPUs in a partition or not, and is as follows:
GPU partitions
Each resource (memory/CPU/GPU) is given a weighting value such that their relative billings to each other within the partition are equal (33.33% each). Memory is typically always the most abundant resource by unit (weighting value of 1.0 per GB) and the CPU/GPU values are adjusted accordingly.
Different GPU types may also be weighted differently within the GPU relative billing. A baseline GPU type is first chosen. All GPUs of that type and other types that have lower FP32 performance (in TFLOPS) are given a weighting factor of 1.0. GPU types with higher FP32 performance than the baseline GPU are given a weighting factor calculated by dividing their FP32 performance by the baseline GPU's FP32 performance. The weighting values for each GPU type are then determined by normalizing the sum of all of GPU cards' billing values multiplied by their weighting factors against the relative billing percentage for GPUs (33.33%).
The current baseline GPU is the NVIDIA RTX A4000.
CPU-only partitions
Each resource (memory/CPU) is first given a weighting value such that their relative billings to each other within the partition are equal (50% each). Memory is typically always the most abundant resource by unit (weighting value of 1.0 per GB) and the CPU value is adjusted accordingly. The final CPU weight value is then divided by 10, which ends up translating to roughly 90.9% of the billing weight being for memory and 9.1% being for CPU. The division of the CPU value is done so as to not affect accounts' fair-share priority factors as much when running CPU-only jobs given the popularity of GPU computing.
Nice value
This is a submission argument that you as the user can include when submitting your jobs to deprioritize them. Larger values will deprioritize jobs more e.g.,
srun --pty --nice=2 bash
will have lower priority than
srun --pty --nice=1 bash
which will have lower priority than
srun --pty bash
assuming all three jobs were submitted at the same time. You cannot use negative values for this argument.