Pine tree

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Abstract: Loblolly pine (LP; Pinus taeda L.) is the most economically important tree in the U.S. and a cornerstone species in southeastern forests. However, genomics research on LP and other conifers has lagged behind studies on flowering plants due, in part, to the large size of conifer genomes. As a means to accelerate conifer genome research, we constructed a BAC library for the LP genotype 7-56. The LP BAC library consists of 1,824,768 individually-archived clones making it the largest single BAC library constructed to date, has a mean insert size of 96 kb, and affords 7.6X coverage of the 21.7 Gb LP genome. To demonstrate the efficacy of the library in gene isolation, we screened macroarrays with overgos designed from a pine EST anchored on LP chromosome 10. A positive BAC was sequenced and found to contain the expected full-length target gene, several gene-like regions, and both known and novel repeats. Macroarray analysis using the retrotransposon IFG-7 (the most abundant repeat in the sequenced BAC) as a probe indicates that IFG-7 is found in roughly 210,557 copies and constitutes about 5.8% or 1.26 Gb of LP nuclear DNA; this DNA quantity is eight times the Arabidopsis genome. In addition to its use in genome characterization and gene isolation as demonstrated herein, the BAC library should hasten whole genome sequencing of LP via next-generation sequencing strategies/technologies and facilitate improvement of trees through molecular breeding and genetic engineering. The library and associated products are distributed by the Clemson University Genomics Institute (www.genome.clemson.edu).

Data

UCDAVIS plone

  • Links
 https://dendrome.ucdavis.edu/TGPlone/research-projects/pinerefseq  
 dpuiu
 ddr5fft6 
 https://dendrome.ucdavis.edu/TGPlone/research-projects/pinerefseq/files/library-and-flow-cell-data/prs-tracking-database-archive/

IPST ftp

 ftp genomepc1.umd.edu
 ftpuser
 pinegenome

 cd PineUpload052911/
 bin
 prompt             # no Y/N?
 mget *

Local data

 ginkgo:
 /fs/szattic-asmg7/PINE/PineUpload052911
 /fs/szattic-asmg7/PINE/PineUpload070711

PineUpload052911

Chloroplast

                len      gc%
 cChloroplast   120481   38.55

cBACs

 .       elem       min    q1     q2     q3     max        mean       n50        sum            
 len     102        8288   89909  116121 140549 172161     113400     126689     11566806       
 gc%     102        34.44  36.56  37.61  38.80  52.88      37.94      37.66      3870.87        

Reads

 lane           readLen   #mates        mea,std      ~gc%
 FC638TR_001_8  146       22,729,231    400           39.04
 FC638TR_002_8  146       18,412,638    400           39.04
 fwd: 1.015% pos=100 ; 0.81% pos=119
 rev: 1.114% pos=101 ; 0.92% pos=107 ; 0.87% pos=30; 0.21% pos 21
  • GC% variation: cBAC(37.5%) < cChloroplast(38.5%) < reads(39%) < mito (44%+)
  • Contamination: bwa bwasw
 lane                  #reads       #cChloroplast   #cBAC
 FC638TR_001_8_1	22,729,231   468,309(2%)     9,533,849(42.7%)
 FC638TR_001_8_2	22,729,231   466,185(2%)     9,303,475(41.7%)
 FC638TR_002_8_1	18,412,638   995,291(5.4%)   7,535,809(41.7%)   
 FC638TR_002_8_2	18,412,638   990,122(5.4%)   7,330,078(40.5%)

SOAPdenovo's

 #scaffold stats
 .                                     elem       min    q1     q2     q3     max        mean       n50        sum
 -K47           -max_rd_len100         211820     100    143    156*   187    23273      227.95     .          48284629

 -K31           -max_rd_len100         13747338   100    100    100    100    9185       108.04     .          1485269562
 -K31 -d2  -D3  -max_rd_len100         74820      100    105    125    390    31673      320.75     .          23998536  
 -K31 -d20 -M3  -max_rd_len100         7859*      100    113    139    284    43079*     331.49     .          2605184*            

 -K27 -d 2 -D 3 -max_rd_len100         70246      100    107    137    413    30683      369.81     .          25977758
 -K27 -d 2 -D 2 -max_rd_len146         224963     100    110    128    343    23410      260.64     .          58635190

SOAPdenovo-31mer -K 31 -d 2 -D 3 -max_rd_len 100

 #stats
 .               elem      min  q1   q2    q3    max    mean     n50  sum
 scf             74820     100  105  125   390   31673  320.75   0    23998536
 ctg             5755282   32   32   35    43    7195   41.63    0    239620204
 edge            11015468  1    2    4     11    7164   8.75     0    96380983
 #scf alignments
 .               elem      min  q1   q2    q3    max    mean     n50  sum
 cChloroplast    206       100  122  159   229   767    191.56   0    39462
 cBAC            10533     100  113  143   428   26589  477.68   0    5031439
 mito            83        105  448  1730  6851  26364  4315.20  0    358162
 other           63998     100  104  122   382   31673  290.16   0    18569473
  • mito  : scaffolds aligned to at least one of the 31 complete plant mitochondrion sequence
  • Cycas_taitungensis mitochondrion sequence (most hits)
  • Cycas_taitungensis mitochondrion vs chloroplast: Cycas_taitungensis_mito-chloroplast.png
 NC_009618	chloroplast     163,403
 NC_010303	mitochondrion   414,903
  • Reads aligned to mitochondrial scaffolds (bwa bwasw)
 lane               #hits  %hits
 FC638TR_001_8_1    12307  0.054
 FC638TR_001_8_2    11933 
 FC638TR_002_8_1    28707  0.12
 FC638TR_002_8_2    27211
 total              80158          # 20X cvg for 100bp read len & 400K mito genome ; 29X  cvg for 146bp read len

SOAPdenovo-31mer -K 31 -d 20 -M 3 -max_rd_len 100

 #scaffold stats
 .                          elem   min    q1     q2     q3     max    mean     n50    sum
 scf                        7859*  100    113    139    284    43079* 331.49   .      2605184
 ctg                        200062 32     33     37     47     10392  48.52    .      9707307
# scaffold length stats
 .                          elem   min    q1     q2     q3     max    mean     n50    sum
 all                        7859*  100    113    139    284    43079* 331.49   .      2605184
 cChloroplast               20     111    193    436    6140   43079  5951.05  0      119021
 cBAC                       5117   100    114    141    320    13733  334.94   0      1713870
 mito                       8      101    134    685    1396   2166   749.75   0      5998        !!! VERY BAD
 other                      2714   100    111    133    226    7353   282.35   0      766295

SOAPdenovo-31mer -K 31 -d 48 -max_rd_len 100 -M 3 choloplast_mated_reads

 #scaffold stats
 .                    elem       min    q1     q2     q3     max        mean       n50        sum            
 scf                  20         111    193    436    6140   42707      5928.20    0          118564

PineUpload070711

Ecoli

                len     gc%
 cE_coli        4639675 50.79  

Cloning vector

                len    gc% 
 pFosDT5_2      8345   47.93

Drosophila refseq

 Chromosome      len            gc%
 2L              23,011,544     41
 2R              21,146,708     43
 3L              24,543,557     41
 3R              27,905,053     42
 4               1,351,857      35
 X               22,422,827     42 
 un              10,049,037     ?    
 mitochondrion   19,517         17
 total           137,586,636    ?     # actually the chromosome lengths sum to 130,450,100

Reads (Drosophila)

 lib                      readLen  #reads    #cE_coli         #pFosDT5_2       #cChloroplast  #cBAC  
 FC70M6V_6_001_1          160      23546475  2931496(12.44%)  5473141(23.24%)  24148(0.10%)   7739576(32.86%)
 FC70M6V_6_001_2          156      23546475  2885406(12.25%)  5854468(24.86%)  21794(0.09%)   7520343(31.93%)


 lib                      readLen  #mates    mea,std   ~gc%  %merged(Tanja)   %cE_coli  %cpFosDT5_2  %cChloroplast  %cBAC   %other  
 FC70M6V_6_001            160,156  23546475  343,30    42.5                   12.5%     24%          0.09%          32.5    34      # sampled 100K
 TIL_242_FC70M6V_2_002    160,156  9917211   242       .      91.4%  
 TIL_242_FC70M6V_3_002    160,156  6276300   242              92.7%  

 TIL_254_FC70M6V_2_004    160,156  9279789   254        .     91.5%
 TIL_254_FC70M6V_3_004    160,156  5924239   254              92.9%

 TIL_270_FC70M6V_2_003    160,156  10188776  270        .     88.1%
 TIL_270_FC70M6V_3_003    160,156  6556676   270              90.3%

 TIL_288_FC70M6V_2_001    160,156  9524524   288        .     80.0%
 TIL_288_FC70M6V_3_001    160,156  6158919   288              83.0%


  • kastevens@ucdavis.edu:
    • The files labeled TIL_XXX_FC70M6V_Y_00Z, are Drosophila libraries with a median target insert size of XXX. They come in pairs and can be merged.
    • Regarding pairing, each insert size was run in two lanes Y at two different concentrations.
    • Lane 3, with the lower concentration, should have higher quality data than lane 2 but with a higher cost per bp.
    • The loss in quality was quantitativly small, so we don't expect the extra expense of lowering the concentration will be justified empirically.
    • The first library, FC70M6V_6_001, is a ~40x library created from a pool of ~1000 fosmids. In general, we do not put the insert size in the filename.
    • However, we did estimate the insert size to be 343bp with a below median standard deviation of 30. So roughly 15% of the inserts are < 313bp and have > 3bp overlap. This seems to fit well with your result.
    • Each lane is multiplexed into sub-lanes indicated by 00Z. So the amount of reads in the file is variable and not nessesarily reflective of the cluster density.
    • The Drosophila libraries were each run in 1/4 lane and the fosmid pool was run in 1/2 lane. The pool has roughy double the sequence content of the
    • Drosophila libraries run in lane 2 at nominal density.

SOAPdenovo-31mer -K 31 -d 2 -D 3 -max_rd_len 100

 #stats
 .               elem     min  q1   q2    q3     max     mean      n50  sum
 scf             20441    100  124  374   1980   291000  2575.50   0    52645707
 ctg             802463   32   33   39    63     73415   91.13     0    73131767
 edge            1013801  1    2    7     32     30919   48.85     0    49525815
 #scf alignments
 .               elem     min  q1   q2    q3     max     mean      n50  sum
 all             20441    100  124  374   1980   291000  2575.50   0    52645707
 cE_coli         149      100  325  6612  41908  291000  30160.59  0    4493928
 cpFosDT5_2      0
 cChloroplast    58       105  166  374   1950   24932   1875.86   0    108800
 cBAC            12294    100  141  785   4204   45781   3513.34   0    43192987
 other           7953     100  113  171   599    41416   619.60    0    4927664